Drugs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Drugs - Essay Example Further the report states that prolonged drug abuse can lead to participation in crime. Most crimes are committed when the criminal in under the influence of drugs or needs funds for drugs. College students remain vulnerable because of crime which is perpetrated under the influence of drugs. Half of the sexual assaults that occur on campus are by people influenced by drugs. Drugs have known to change the personality of people as normal and calm people can become irrational under the influence. This paper analyzes the psychological and sociological basis of drug abuse. Sociology attempts to answer the phenomenon of drug abuse by using three perspectives. The first theory is known as the conflict perspective which states that society is a continuous state of change which results in competition. Another perspective is that of functionalism which says that society consists of segments which are linked with each other and serve a function (Campo, 2005). The final perspective of sociology is about symbolic interactionism which studies about the affect of society on the individual. The conflict theory postulates that drug abuse is more rampant in poor areas because marginalized communities do not have legitimate means to earn money. They are forced to sell drugs to earn a good living. The functional theory believes that drug abuse occurs because they provide an escape for people who cannot cope with the harsh realities of life. Drug abuse creates jobs for people who do not have the necessary skills required in a legal work force. Symbolic interactionist s believe that an individual may become a drug abuser because of labels which denied them the opportunities. The individual in this case had to resort to drugs to survive. Conflict theory further states that drug abuse creates opportunities for lawmakers to exploit the poor (Devlin, 2006). Functionalists would point out that drug abuse creates more jobs for people in the field of law enforcement. It also creates

Jonathon Livingston Seagull Essay Example for Free

Jonathon Livingston Seagull Essay 1. The fictional book, Jonathon Livingston Seagull written by Richard Bach, sold over a million copies during its debut in 1970 and stayed on The New York Times Top Ten list for 38 weeks in a row. The story focuses on Jonathon the seagull’s passion for flying and his belief that there is more to life than scavenging for food. Bach explores the idea that there is more to this life than what meets the eye and the extreme satisfaction you receive when doing something you are great at and have a passion for. 2. The setting of this story takes place on some sea shore where thousands of seagulls live. The sea shore setting described in the book really helps to paint a picture of what Jonathon and this flock of seagulls experienced daily, â€Å"It was morning, and the new sun sparkled gold across the ripples of a gentle sea.†(Bach pg 3) 3. Jonathon Livingston Seagull is the protagonist in this story with his strong drive and persistence to be different from the flock and to be his own seagull. The antagonists in the story are the Elders of the flocks of seagulls because they are very closed mined leaders and they force Jonathon and other seagulls to be outcast from society and ban them to a life of isolation and despair. Chiang was an Elder Gull that taught Jonathon very specialized flying techniques and improved his skills and taught him things about life. When Jonathon was outcast from the gull community everyone in the community thought that Jonathon was a reckless and irresponsible seagull, so when Jonathon finally returned to the community and everyone saw how amazing his flying skills were they changed their minds and many of them asked to be taught by Jonathon himself which was breaking the gull community law, This is an example of foil characters. â€Å"His thought was triumph. Terminal velocity! A seagull at two hundred and fourteen miles per hours! It was a breakthrough, the greatest single moment in the history of the flock, and in that moment a new age opened for Jonathon Gull.† (pg 16-17) 4. The plot of this story is a traditional plot type. The story ends with the last words of his Jonathon’s teacher, Keep working on love. Through his teachings, Jonathan understands that the spirit cannot be really free without the ability to forgive, and that the way to progress leads for him, at least through becoming a teacher, not just through working hard as a student. So, if any seagull believes that it is free to do what it wants to, it becomes Jonathan the seagull, for whom, possibilities were endless. Every law is an illusion. Once we become conscious of this, our existence gets a new meaning. a. The biggest conflict was Jonathon going against the norm of the seagull community and ultimately getting expelled from the community for his irresponsible acts. â€Å"For his reckless irresponsibility†, â€Å"Violating the dignity and tradition of the Gull family.† (pg 24) b. The situation at the end where Jonathon returned to the breakfast seagull flock was sig nificant because it demonstrated forgiveness and compassion. These gulls hated Jonathon and wanted nothing to do with him and yet he still had the courage to forgive them and even teach them how to fly like he does. â€Å"You have to practice to see the real gull, the good in every one of them, and help them to see it in themselves.†(pg 89) 5. -This book was definitely one of the more inspiring books that made me think out of the box that I have read in quite some time. For example, I really liked one of the messages that implied that if you want to have a fulfilling happy meaningful life you need to stop following the crowd and make your own path even if there are consequences. If you find something that you are good at and enjoy doing stick with it and master it and watch how it will shape you life. -This story uplifted my spirits and motivated my behavior change in several ways. For example, Jonathon Livingston Seagull is a great example to me because not only does he go against the norm and try to learn everything about his passion in life, he also learns forgiveness and compassion for the other seagulls of the community and wants to teach them how to live a wonderful life. I have noticed in my life that I am most happy when I have found something that I love to do and also when I am helping others find that same thing or serving them in some manner and I think Jonathon mastered this aspect of true charity. â€Å"You have to practice to see the real gull, the good in every one of them, and help them to see it in themselves.†(pg 89) 6. In conclusions the book had both strong and weak contributing factors. The strong factors were that it had a very unique, interesting story line that kept the reader interested enough to keep reading. Bach also used implied messages of inspiration and important values in this life which in my opinion was very cool and had a strong plot. Some of the weak factors were that the book almost needed to be read straight through in one sitting to really get the message and make sense. It was not very challenging to read which could be good and bad. The setting was not very descriptive, it basically just took place either in the air or on the sea shore. I think the proper age group for this book would be late high school students and college students and even young adults. Richard Bach impacted me by creating a plot and story line that delivers a messages that anything is possible in life as long as you want it enough and practice at it thus, I am now interested in making some changes in my life. Works Cited Back, Richard. Jonathon Livingston Seagull. New York: Scribner, 1970.

Cholesterol Reducing Effects of Lactobacillus Spp

Cholesterol Reducing Effects of Lactobacillus Spp CHOLESTEROL REDUCING EFFECTS OF Lactobacillus spp. ISOLATED FROM BREAST MILK OF LACTATION MOTHER. SUHANIS NADIA BINTI SALLEH CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Background of the study Cholesterol is the precursor of primary bile salts formed in the liver and store as conjugated bile salts in gall bladder to be release in digestive tract. (Corzo Gilliland, 1999). Lipid and cholesterol rich food intake act as the main factor in increasing of heart disease (Anandharaj Sivasankari, 2014). Thus, it is important to reduce cholesterol as prevention to cardiovascular disease. (Yildiz et. al, 2011). Even though pharmaceutical agent or therapy exists for hypercholesterolemia treatments, they are expensive and may produce side effect. (Schuster, 2004). Due to the reason, non pharmaceutical approaches which yield cholesterol reduction were examined and probiotics are one of several approaches that have been used (Anandharaj Sivasankari, 2014). Problem statement 1.3 Research Objective 1.3.1 General objective To investigate the cholesterol reducing property of Lactobacillus spp. isolated from breast milk of lactation mother . 1.3.2Specific objective 1.3.2.1 To isolate Lactobacillus spp. from breast milk of lactation mother. 1.3.2.2 To identify Lactobacillus spp. isolated from breast milk of lactation mother. 1.3.2.3 To determine cholesterol reducing property of Lactobacillus spp. isolated from breast milk of lactation mother. Research hypothesis 1.4.1 Study hypothesis There is significant difference between Lactobacillus spp. isolated from breast milk of different lactation mother on its cholesterol reducing property. 1.4.2 Null hypothesis There is no significant difference between Lactobacillus spp. isolated from breast milk of lactation mother on its cholesterol reducing property. 1.5 Scope and limitation of the study This study focusing on identification of bacteria and its properties and includes molecular technique. The scope of this study involves both phenotypic and genotypic characterization. Some limitations arise in this study. The cholesterol reduction assay which will be done in vitro to mimic the in vivo mechanism may not be totally similar with in vivo environment. 1.6 Significant of study Breast milk is a possible source of Lactobacillus strains but there are only few studies done on isolation of probiotic from human’s milk. (Anandharaj Sivasankari , 2014 ; Martin et al., 2004). The reliability of cholesterol reduction by using probiotics for hypercholesterolemia treatments have gain increase of interest. (Jones et al. 2004 ; Lim et al. 2004). Even so, the findings are more on lactic acid bacteria strains among Western origin subject (Yildiz et al. 2011). Different result may be obtained from other population subject and this study may enhance the finding of probiotic strains that capable in cholesterol assimilation. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY Proposed methodology (Descriptive) Ethical issues Study area The study will be conducted in the final year research laboratory of microbiology section at UiTM Puncak Alam. Most of the experiments will be conducted at the laboratory except for sequencing which will be send away. Sample collection is done outside the study area and will be store in the laboratory storage section. Sample collection Breast milk sample will be collected from volunteers in sterile container. Prior to collection, the breast is clean with sterile water and apply with chlorexidine to remove other normal flora. The sample will be store on ice until delivery to the laboratory. The sample will then stored in -80oC if not directly use or for further use. For storage, the sample will previously transfer into several small vials to avoid multiple freeze and thaw. Isolation of Lactobacillus spp. 1ml of breast milk sample is transfer into 9ml of sterile saline (0.85% sodium chloride). The dilute samples will be plate on Man Ragosa Sharpe, MRS medium. The plate is incubate at 37oC for 24 to 48 hour in anaerobic condition. Identification of Lactobacillus spp. Isolated Lactobacillus spp. will be confirm based on growth on MRS medium, colony morphology, Gram staining, and catalase reaction. The isolated colony will be proceed with subculture to obtain pure culture. Further species identification will be performed by carbohydrate fermentation pattern using API 50 CHL test strip. The result is analyze using API LABTM PLUS software. MRS broth medium containing 20% glycerol is use to preserve the pure cultures and store at -80oC. PCR amplification of 16S rDNA and sequencing Modified method of Smoker and Barnum (1988) will be conducted for DNA isolation. The 16S rDNA will then amplify in thermocycler by 30 cycles which include denaturation at 940C for 30s, annealing at 56oC for 30s and elongation at 720C. The PCR result will be separated on gel electrophoresis to check for the purity and of the amplicon. The amplified rDNA will be purified with PCR purification kit and send for sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis Cholesterol reducing assay Statistical analysis The data will be collected in triplicate and will be analysed by SPSS software. Data will be expressed as mean and standard deviation. One way ANOVA test with significance level p Proposed methodology (Flow chart) 5.0 Expected outcomes For isolation and identification of Lactobacillus spp., various species may be identified. Generally, they are expected to be catalase negative, gram positive, rods or cocci. Results on API 50 CHL will confirm the specific species. In PCR amplification, there will be presence of bands of specific base pair for Lactobacillus spp. after the amplicons separated on the agarose gel. As for cholesterol reducing assay, there will be species which show cholesterol reducing property and the species with the most significant reduction of cholesterol will be identified. 6.0 Financial implications 7.0 Ganntt chart Work plan 2014 (September December) Work plan 2015 (March July) Work plan 2015 (March June)

World View and Citizenship Essay -- Citizenship

The Preamble to the United States Constitution states: â€Å"We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this constitution for the United States of America† (U.S. Const. pmbl.). While the United States Constitution was created in order to form a more perfect union, it is up to us, as citizens of the United States, to uphold all that has been established within this union. In order to do that, we all must fulfill our responsibilities as citizens. For me, citizenship is an entitlement that everyone is obliged to uphold; therefore, I try to follow through on my responsibilities as a citizen of my community, country, and world. Being a citizen of the United States has many responsibilities, and it is my duty to follow through with these responsibilities. In order to do this, I must employ my rights and act dutifully. To fulfill my responsibilities as a citizen, there are many things that I do. First, I exercise my right to vote. This right to vote is one that requires me to pay attention to my government, for a citizen’s time and attention to the government is necessary in order for a democracy to function properly. Furthermore, I make sure to obey the laws that the government has created. These laws play an important role in upholding the ideals that were stated in the Preamble of the United States Constitution. Finally, another important responsibility that I oblige to as a United States citizen is paying my taxes. Taxes allow this country to function successfully; therefore, it is important for me to fulf... ... a good citizen, to do more than your share under it is noble† (â€Å"Betterworld.net†). In order for me to enjoy the privileges that I have been given through citizenship, I must honor my contract with society by putting citizenship first. If I continue to take part in community service and to treat others in the same manner that I desire to be treated, I can continue to honor my contract with society while remaining a good citizen of my community, country, and world. Works Cited "Better World Quotes - Citizenship." BetterWorld.net - The BetterWorld Factory. Web. 17 Jan. 2011. . Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. New York: Dover Publications, 1996. Print. Palmer, Parker J. Let Your Life Speak: Listening for the Voice of Vocation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2000. Print.

George Orwell – “Shooting an Elephant” (1936)

â€Å"Shooting an Elephant†, by George Orwell, is a highly effective piece of non-fiction. Although written about an event many years ago, in a society that no longer exists as it did then, the essay still holds relevance in the ideas it contains. It is how Orwell puts across his views on colonialism and human nature that I intend to investigate. The essay revolves around Orwell recounting an incident which he experienced as a policeman in colonial Burma, in the 1920's. Orwell was called to act when a tame elephant went ‘must' and started ravaging a bazaar, killing one of the indigenous Indians. However, by the time he had located the elephant, the attack seemed to have passed, so there was no need to destroy it. Yet such was the pressure from the local populace, and Orwell's fear of being mocked, that he shot the elephant. When he first introduces himself to the reader, Orwell seems to be a fairly level-headed person, with his self- depreciating tone showing that he doesn't take himself too seriously in the ‘great scheme' of things; drawing the reader to sympathise with him. This sympathy is extended further when the reader is made privy to the ambivalence of Orwell's feelings towards his position in Burma. In direct contrast to the majority of Westerners in the East at that time, Orwell was very conscious of the hypocrisy of his position and conflicting opinions, and found it all â€Å"perplexing and upsetting†. â€Å"Perplexing† because he felt sympathetic towards the Burmese, and was against the Western domination of the colonial territories, and sided with the â€Å"evil thing† that was imperialism. Yet at the same time the Burmese took great delight in treating him like dirt, in petty revenge for their situation – making his job and life hell. These conflicting feelings are echoed in the register and style of Orwell's writing; the high-flowing language of â€Å"Imperialism was an evil thing† contrasts with the slang of â€Å"The sooner I chucked my job†¦the better†, to bring out Orwell's intense dislike of his duties, doing the â€Å"dirty work† of the â€Å"Empire†. Yet despite the highly emotive language used to describe his job, the â€Å"wretched prisoners† and â€Å"intolerable† sense of guilt, Orwell still found himself hating the Burmese. The sheer pettiness of the â€Å"evil spirited little beasts†, their cumulative bitterness making it impossible for him to help them, led to a feeling that it â€Å"would be the greatest joy in the world† to â€Å"drive a bayonet into a Buddhist Priest's guts†. Even the word choice and sentence structure indicate the extent to which Orwell was in two minds about the Burmese; the contrast between the â€Å"British Raj as an unbreakable tyranny†¦ in soecula soeculorum† – lapsing into Latin, formal language – with the informality of â€Å"drive a bayonet into a Buddhist Priest's guts†. In addition, the sentence structure adds to this idea of being pulled in two directions; the differing statements are separated by a semi-colon, balancing the one against the other, neither dominant. Once the extent of his feelings towards the job and the Burmese have been established, Orwell starts to recount the incident involving the elephant. Originally Orwell introduces it as a â€Å"tiny thing† in itself, using understatement and irony to begin the narrative. He first refers to it as something which â€Å"in a roundabout way† was â€Å"enlightening†. Yet at the same time, ‘it' was an insight for him into the â€Å"real motives for which despotic governments act†. Human nature and the reasons for our society's structure – not important? However, after this hidden intensity, Orwell then continues in a fairly congenial manner, of how he was informed – through polite, unstressed telephone call – that there was an elephant gone ‘must' and escaped, and â€Å"would I please come and do something about it?† At which point Orwell does go out â€Å"to see what was happening† – but out of curiosity, not duty. When a list of things that the elephant has done is presented, some of them fairly serious, they are ordered in such a way as to make them seem irrelevant, through anti-climax. Rather than working his way through progressively more serious offences, Orwell begins the list with destroying someone's house, killing a cow†¦ then working ‘down' to stealing some fruit – and finally, overturning the rubbish bin van and â€Å"inflicted violences† on it. The hyperbole of â€Å"inflicted violences†, the exaggerated anti-climax, leads to a light-hearted, unstressed mood. However, at this point Orwell constructs the first of several pivotal points in the narrative, bringing about an abrupt contrast in mood. At the beginning of this paragraph, Orwell is unsuccessfully searching for the elephant, and even beginning to doubt its existence, starting with â€Å"questioning†¦ failed to get any definite information†¦ vaguer†¦Ã¢â‚¬  until the existence of any elephant was denied. Yet then this carefully constructed conclusion is shattered by the painful death of a Coringhee native Indian, ground into the mud by the elephant. To add to the effect of this sudden seriousness and shock, Orwell uses extremely emotive imagery and word choice to detail the obvious pain of man's death. With the description of â€Å"arms crucified† there is the connotations of one of the most excruciating deaths; being crucified. Also, this idea would have been imaginable to a primarily Christian Britain of 1936, when Orwell wrote the essay. A British readership would also have been able to conceive what the man's back looked like, as Orwell describes the friction from the elephant's foot as having â€Å"stripped the skin from his back as neatly as one skins a rabbit†. Most Britons of the time would have prepared, or seen prepared, a rabbit skinned and cooked, so this imagery brought a potentially unimaginable event to an understandable level. It is at this point that Orwell goes on to work through the implications and factors behind shooting the elephant, and upon discovering the creature, apparently calm and past it's attack of ‘must', he decides not to shoot it. Elephants were expensive to buy, keep and train, and as such, worth a lot of money alive – dead, they were worth only the value of their tusks. In addition to the financial complications, the elephant no longer seemed to be a danger; away from people, â€Å"peacefully eating† in a field – there was no need to shoot it. Lastly, and perhaps most importantly, Orwell himself did not want to shoot the elephant; a moral choice, that he felt it was ‘wrong'. However, throughout this decision making process, Orwell was becoming increasingly conscious of the growing crowd of Burmese at is heels; and this became another pivotal point in the passage. Initially Orwell mentioned feeling â€Å"vaguely uneasy† about the growing size of the crowd, intensifying to â€Å"looking and feeling like a fool†. He describes the crowd as looking at him as a â€Å"conjuror about to perform a trick†. The ‘magician', the centre of attention, if not the object of respect, at a show, usually with an audience half hoping he will fail; clear parallels to Orwell, surrounded by the mocking Burmese. Perhaps the comparison is also apt because many people – especially in the time when Orwell was writing – view those who work in the ‘occult' as not having a proper job, aren't really important at all, despite the glitter and attention. Mere amusement for others – an echo of British colonialism? Orwell's growing feeling of helplessness is summed up in the theatrical language and imagery which he uses in this point in the passage. He refers to himself as â€Å"seemingly the leading actor of the piece†¦ in reality, I was only an absurd puppet†. Puppets have no control over the actions they act out – inanimate, passive, subjected to the will of the puppeteer. Who's actions, in turn, are dictated by the audience – else how could the puppeteer survive, without a livelihood? Similarly, it was the will of the crowd that was beginning to control Orwell's actions – a puppet. This image is then furthered by Orwell drawing parallels to a â€Å"Hollow, posing dummy†, holding many of the same connotations, posed into the positions that its owner or dresser dictate. No choice, subjugated to the will of others completely. This position which Orwell find himself in is summed up in his chilling conclusion; â€Å"I perceived at this moment that when the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom he destroys†. Seemingly paradoxical, for a â€Å"tyrant†, by definition, sacrifices others freedom for personal gain – so why should they lose freedom as a result? Yet in the context of Orwell, and Britain's situation at this time, the concept begins to make sense. Once people expect a given set of actions or set behaviour, the ‘peer pressure' can compress those it is aimed at into the mould; so British citizens in the colonies, including Orwell, ended up losing their freedom as individuals, in order to conform to stereotypes they otherwise might not have followed. In Orwell's case, having sent for the rifle, the Burmese expect him to use it, else seem weak and indecisive – and â€Å"my whole life, every white man's life in the East, was one long struggle not to be laughed at†. The ultimate sign of derision – laughter. The only other option for Orwell was to walk up to within 25-odd yards of the elephant, and see if it charged him; if not, then he had proved the attack of ‘must' had passed, and would be justified in the eyes of the Burmese in not shooting the creature. However, if still in ‘must' then the elephant would charge Orwell – and at that distance, he would only get one chance to shoot before being trampled into the earth in the same painful death the Coringhee Indian had experience. Yet it is not the pain that Orwell was so anxious to avoid, but the fact that such a death would be incredibly humiliating – and â€Å"if that happened it was quite probable that some of them would laugh. Tha t would never do.† It is this that led Orwell to conclude â€Å"There was only one alternative. I shoved the cartridges into the magazine and lay down on the road to get a better aim.† This paragraph is clearly another pivotal section; previously Orwell had thought he was the one in control of the situation, and could therefore follow a logical train of reasoning to decide not to shoot the elephant; yet is here that he realises he does not control his own actions. All Orwell cares about at this point is saving face in front of the ‘natives' – realises this obsession, and doesn't care, so deeply is he concerned with the idea of being laughed at. This leads to the true climax of the narrative – the shooting of the elephant. By this point the author skilfully manipulates the word choice and language to convey how, when the bullet hits, a â€Å"mysterious, terrible change came over the elephant.† Previously the creature had been tall and strong, full of life and power; now he seemed â€Å"stricken, shrunken, immensely old†¦paralysed† – the impression of life seeping away with such speed that the elephant was left reeling in shock at the alteration, not ‘merely' the pain of the bullets. The sheer force of language shows the intense pain of the elephant's drawn out death; from the â€Å"frightful impact of the bullet†¦ agony†¦ jolt his whole body† until the creature finally â€Å"collapsed†, to lie with â€Å"tortured breathing†¦gasps†. The implications behind â€Å"tortured† are clear, yet there is also the angle of the guilt Orwell felt coming through here; â€Å"tortured† implies a deliberate act inflicted on the undeserving, as Orwell had inflicted his fears on the elephant. Yet despite – or perhaps because of – this guilt, Orwell still seems to convey a strange sort of dignity to the elephant's death; as it lay there, â€Å"Powerless to move and yet powerless to die†. He was dying, yes, an excruciatingly drawn out death, yet he seemed to be â€Å"in some world remote from here† – there is a surreal quality to Orwell's description of the death and dignity of the beast, removed in some way from this world. The elephant is in direct and superior contrast to Orwell's frantic efforts to kill it and end its suffering, and the Burmese as they swarmed around the body, stripping the flesh and hide even before it was dead, while it lay there, passively accepting the pain and death. Orwell also highlights his reaction to this change, first of his frantic activity, then, in the face of his inability to help the creature he had fatally wounded, his intense guilt. He writes of how â€Å"In the end I could not stand it any longer and went away†; the overwhelming guilt at having caused such pain merely to avoid being laughed at, and then his underlying guilt at ‘running away'. Looking back on the events of this incident, which occurred ten years previous to Orwell writing the passage, it is clear that Orwell's own opinion of his actions is not a positive one. This feeling of self-discrimination and regret is brought out in his extended description of the elephant's death, portraying it as possessing a quiet dignity; while portraying his younger self as ‘unworthy' and weak, uncertain in himself as to who he really is, or what he believes in. It is this disgust that Orwell tries to instil in his readers, towards his actions. After the death of the elephant, he writes how â€Å"I was very glad that the Coolie had been killed; it put me legally in the right and gave me a sufficient pretext for shooting the elephant.† Seemingly uncaring as to the death of the ‘Coolie' – through this shock tactic, attempting to persuade others to condemn him as Orwell condemns himself. Orwell even goes so far as to make several racist comments – even though the author of 1936 was not racist, and his younger self only conforming to the accepted mould of his times, in order to survive – to prompt the reader to judge him harshly. With his extended, detailed description of the elephant's death, Orwell condemns his own actions, in a tone of bitterly ironic self-derision. Orwell might seem to be being racist in the last paragraph, but in fact, this racism is dramatised to show just how integral to the colonial system it was. Orwell is not excusing, or even denying the fact that he was racist while in Burma. The point is that, in his descriptions of his younger self as â€Å"young and ill-educated† – ironic, as he attended Eton – he was forced to â€Å"think out (his) problems in the utter silence that is imposed upon every Englishman in the East†. Expensive education had failed to prepare him for real life, so Orwell resorted to the customs and conventions of his peer grouping, or risk complete isolation from society. In the final paragraph, Orwell puts forward two arguments concerning his reasons for shooting the elephant. When he talks about being â€Å"legally in the right† in shooting a creature that could be mad and a danger, it seems as if Orwell is going to use a deontological reasoning. He was following the law, and his actions were required by virtue of his position, so he morally did the ‘right' thing. The other approach to an argument for a set of actions, rather than the backwards looking deontological reasoning, is the forward looking consequentialist approach, of the ends justifying the means. However, it is in the last sentence that Orwell shatters all charade of having been following a deontological reasoning; â€Å"I often wondered whether any of the others grasped that I had done it solely to avoid looking a fool†. When Orwell states that he was â€Å"very glad† that the man had been killed by the elephant, in that through it he could ‘justify' his preservation of ‘dignity', it might seem callous to some. Yet this desperation, this willingness to sacrifice anything also elicits a sort of sympathy in the reader, at how pathetic the situation has become – perhaps reflective of the mixed feelings of contempt and pity that the Orwell of 1936 seems to feel towards his younger self. There are several possible themes to this essay; the condemnation of the colonial system – perhaps seemingly without significance in today's post-colonial world. Yet there are possible parallels to modern day ‘superpowers' and dictatorships, conforming to stereotypes, unwilling to back down from, say, war, for fear of changing perceptions. People still discriminate, still conform to other's standards against their will. There is also the idea that if you hate an enemy viciously enough, you demean yourself to the same level as them. Even if originally ‘justifiably angry', following reasonable logic, in hatred, you degenerate into conforming to the same behavioural patterns as your enemies; hatred contaminates. Orwell himself is an example of this; he seemed reasonably level headed, yet as his hatred for the Burmese grew, he gradually degenerated to similar levels of cruelty. Perhaps because he was formed by their perceptions, and the Burmese seemed to have had a cru el streak in them – which coloured their expectations? Either way, it is clear that while world situations have changed radically, there are still many relevant issues that are demonstrated in Orwell's â€Å"Shooting an Elephant†. Perhaps it would be fair to say that it is not so much Orwell's views on Colonialism that are shown in this essay, but his uncannily accurate observations of human nature.

ITC 561 Essay

ITC 561 Essay ITC 561 Essay Report on Virtualization and cloud computing Table of Content : Desktop Virtualization†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 Virtualization Types†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4-6 Detail of Client Hypervisors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 Advantages & Disadvantages†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7-8 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 9 Desktop Virtualization: Desktop virtualization is basically concern with the remote access of data. This technique involves encapsulation and delivering access to either the entire system or the remote client device. In this technique we can use different software and hardware environment, and may use entirely different operating system. This allows the use of virtual systems to let multiple network subscribers maintain desktops on a single, centrally located server or computer. The main machine or central machine may operate at residence, business or any data centre. User can have any geographic location but all must connected to the central machine to share the data use any of the connection type like LAN, WAN, Public internet etc. For start using such environment, we need the following: 1. In this technique end user access the central computer. 2. Network works as a tool for accessing central computer. 3. We also have tools to virtualizes operating system so that they can be encoded and transported via the network. Difference between traditional & virtualized model: Types of Desktop Virtualization: We have the following types of desktop virtualization- 1. Remote Hosted Desktop:- In this technique server runs a image of an operating system and clients log into server using a software called connection broker, this is the only part of the software hosted on the client machine. In this virtualization is done in the data center. On the client the requirement is minimal. Example: Software: Citrix XenDesktop; Wyse ThinOS; Microsoft Remote Desktop Services; Microsoft Enterprise Desktop Virtualization (MED-V); VMware View Manager. Hardware: Pano Logic Device, Remote; nComputing thin clients; Wyse thin clients; Sun Ray Ultra-Thin client; Symbiont Network Terminal; Rangee Thin Client 2. Client Hypervisors :- In this the application is run on client side it means that no need to be online every time. Because of the client side computing there is more resource utilization. This is ideal if the end user need better graphics or computing power. Example: Citrix XenApps; Microsoft Remote Desktop Services; VMware View; VMware ThinApps . 3. Application Virtualization:- Because of the virtualized application runs independently on user’s operating system. You can run files on operating system without installing it on operating system. Example: AppZero, BoxedApp, Cameyo, Ceedo, AppliDis, Evalaze,InstallFree, Citrix XenApp, Novell ZENworks Application Virtualization, Endeavors Technologies Application Jukebox, Microsoft Application Virtualization, Software Virtualization Solution, Spoon (formerly Xenocode), VMware ThinApp and P-apps. . 4. Terminal server:- As it is the oldest, most established form of desktop virtualization out there, you can be sure that practically all of the quirks and bugs associated with terminal server have already been identified and perhaps even ironed out. Thus, with terminal server, you’ll be dealing with a relatively stable and predictable DV platform. For the given problem we will prefer Client hypervisors virtualization technique. In this technique there is a isolation between operating system and hardware. Because of this feature we can run different versions of operating system on the same machine, otherwise this is not possible with any of the virtualization technique. Unlike the other virtualization technique this can be used without network connection, means virtual desktop can run on the client device even when the user has no network access. For

Free Essays on Henri Mattisse

Henri Matisse, celebrated as one of this century's greatest colorists, is also now recognized for the brilliant invention he brought to his sculptural compositions. Born in La Cateau-Cambrà ©sis, in northern France, Matisse first studied law before taking up painting at the age of twenty-one, and in 1891 he enrolled at the Acadà ©mie Julian in Paris. The following year he transferred to the École des Beaux Arts, where he studied under the great Symbolist painter Gustave Moreau. In 1899, Matisse was introduced to Andrà © Derain, who in turn introduced him to Maurice de Vlaminck. These artists shared a fascination with the tonal dynamics of Post-Impressionism; their vivid compositions increasingly gave color an emotive, independent, and antinaturalistic role. They exhibited together at the 1905 and 1906 Salon d'Automne, where their paintings created a sensation, leading one critic to refer to them as "Les Fauves" or "wild beasts." By 1909 Matisse shifted to a more serene style i n paintings, executed with broad color planes, simplified structures, and idyllic subjects. Matisse's first sculptures were created during his student years. Not surprisingly, his earliest figures were copies after small-scale academic bronzes. By 1900 Matisse had begun more ambitious compositions. His Serf, 1900-1903, took Rodin's The Walking Man as a point of departure. Where Rodin cropped the figure to emphasize the dynamism of the pose, Matisse chose to emphasize the static qualities of his standing figure. Over the next decade Matisse created a number of female nudes, variously rendered as standing and reclining figures, which reveal his careful study of the model. Unlike such contemporaries as Aristide Maillol, who consciously echoed classical archetypes, Matisse sought to render the female nude with a new immediacy, freed of art-historical conventions. The Backs are Matisse's most radical works in bronze. The figure, shown from the back, is executed in high re... Free Essays on Henri Mattisse Free Essays on Henri Mattisse Henri Matisse, celebrated as one of this century's greatest colorists, is also now recognized for the brilliant invention he brought to his sculptural compositions. Born in La Cateau-Cambrà ©sis, in northern France, Matisse first studied law before taking up painting at the age of twenty-one, and in 1891 he enrolled at the Acadà ©mie Julian in Paris. The following year he transferred to the École des Beaux Arts, where he studied under the great Symbolist painter Gustave Moreau. In 1899, Matisse was introduced to Andrà © Derain, who in turn introduced him to Maurice de Vlaminck. These artists shared a fascination with the tonal dynamics of Post-Impressionism; their vivid compositions increasingly gave color an emotive, independent, and antinaturalistic role. They exhibited together at the 1905 and 1906 Salon d'Automne, where their paintings created a sensation, leading one critic to refer to them as "Les Fauves" or "wild beasts." By 1909 Matisse shifted to a more serene style i n paintings, executed with broad color planes, simplified structures, and idyllic subjects. Matisse's first sculptures were created during his student years. Not surprisingly, his earliest figures were copies after small-scale academic bronzes. By 1900 Matisse had begun more ambitious compositions. His Serf, 1900-1903, took Rodin's The Walking Man as a point of departure. Where Rodin cropped the figure to emphasize the dynamism of the pose, Matisse chose to emphasize the static qualities of his standing figure. Over the next decade Matisse created a number of female nudes, variously rendered as standing and reclining figures, which reveal his careful study of the model. Unlike such contemporaries as Aristide Maillol, who consciously echoed classical archetypes, Matisse sought to render the female nude with a new immediacy, freed of art-historical conventions. The Backs are Matisse's most radical works in bronze. The figure, shown from the back, is executed in high re...

Comparisons of love in A rose for Emily and Sweat Essay Example

Comparisons of love in A rose for Emily and Sweat Essay Example Comparisons of love in A rose for Emily and Sweat Paper Comparisons of love in A rose for Emily and Sweat Paper Essay Topic: Literature When we think about love, we usually associate it having positive effects on the lives of individuals. But as portrayed by William Faulkner in A Rose For Emily and by Zora Neale Hurston, in Sweat, the effects of love can be deadly. In A Rose For Emily, Emilys love causes her to kill to keep, and in Sweat, Delias love causes her to kill to let go. Because she grew up under a very strict set of laws, Emily comes into contact with very few men. Actually, the only man that has any influence in Emilys life is her farther, who she loves very much. As a direct result of her fathers protective nature over her, Emily grows inseparable from her father. So when her farther dies, his death sends Emily into a deep depression. One day Emily meets Mr. Homer Barron, who after dating for a short while she falls deeply in love with. Emily falls in love with Homer because besides her farther, he is the only man she has every spent any time with. Emily sees Homer as a father figure, which directly causes her to fall so deeply in love with him. When homer tells Emily that he intends to leave her, Emily does not understand how to handle this news. Not completely recovered from the death of her father and deeply in love with Homer, Emily is unwilling to let another man she loves leave her. Emily kills Homer, puts him in their bed, and sleeps next to his dead body every night. Although we may view this of the behavior of someone who is psychologically ill, Emily sees this as totally normal. If Emilys father let her socialize with members of the opposite sex more at a young age, she would not have become so easily attached to the first man she interacted with. Although Emilys father is to blame for the majority of her suffering, Emily is not totally innocent. After her fathers death if Emily would have been open to enjoying life and meeting people, she would have met numerous male friends and wouldnt have attached herself to just one. In Zora Hurstons story Sweat, Delias resistance to leave her husband demonstrates how much she loves him. Every since the second month of their fifteen year marriage, Sykes began beating on Delia. Other than her love for him, there is no other possible explanation for Delia to remain in a relationship for fifteen years and take the abuse that she takes. Delia stays with Sykes even though she knows he cheats on her. Not only does he cheat on Delia but Sykes uses Delias money, because he has no job, to buy things for his mistress and to pay for her hotel. If she really didnt care about Sykes, Delia wouldnt take care of him the way that she does. She even loves him enough to try to make their relationship work in the midst of their daily fighting. Hurston says, Delia and Sykes fought all the time now with no peaceful interludes. They slept and ate in silence. Two or three times Delia had attempted a timid friendliness, but she was repulsed each time (p. 600). This quote demonstrates that through all their adversity, Delia attempts to reconstruct their relationship. Her love for Sykes makes Delia ignorant to the fact the he will never change, and that all her attempts to ignite any flame in their relationship is void. Because he knows that she despises snakes, Sykes decides to bring a snake in the house, believing that it will drive Delia out of the house, therefore making room for his mistress. To make sure that his plan is a success, Sykes puts the snake in the hamper, which contained the clothes that Delia was to prepare for work the following day. In the end the plan backfires and the snake bites Sykes on the neck. He calls for Delia to help him, but much to his dismay, she just stands there and looks at him. Although a slight possibility to save Sykes may have been present, Delia decides enough is enough. For the last fifteen years of her life Delia died a very slow death. Everyday Sykes killed her mentally, emotionally, and physically. He beat her, cheated on her, and talked about her, things which Delia was forced to rise from daily. So because she loves Sykes so much, Delia decides it just time to let go and be reborn once more. Both authors demonstrate two strong sides of relationships between man and woman, and the different paths that the love leads each relationship to take. In Faulkners A Rose For Emily, Emilys love for her father was so strong that when he died and she fell in love with Mr. Homer, she refused to let him go under any circumstances. She feels as though she needs the presence, dead or alive of someone that closely resembles her father. In Hurstons Sweat, Delia is a fool in love for such a long time that she doesnt see anyway out. She loves Sykes for who he was not what he has become. Deep down inside she knows that the soul of the man she married died a long time ago, but love causes her to deal with the flesh of her foolish husband for so long. When the opportunity becomes available, her love allows her to Sykess flesh rest. Both authors show that sometimes when dealing with love it can be hard to let go, but in the end its what we should do. Also, both illustrate as a direct result of love, both women are psychologically damaged. The damage that Emily suffers causes her to kill, and the damage that Delia suffers allows her to take countless amounts of abuse, and in the end, to let Sykes die.

Organizational Analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organizational Analysis - Case Study Example This study aims at analyzing the organization of Tesco through analyzing Tesco’s structure, internal and external environment, and Tesco culture and competitive advantage. Organization structure involves the manner in which an organization relates with the employees, the production lines, processes and functions, and decision-making process in the organization (DuBrin, 2000). Tesco has a hierarchical structure as evidenced many levels and accountability to more than one person by the employees at Tesco, who have to make decisions before the information is handed over to the CEO for final decision-making. A hierarchical organization structure involves a large amount of workers answering t supervising officers who answer to another upper level and this continues to the CEO, at the highest level, Terry Leary at Tesco (DuBrin, 2000).. The hierarchical structure at Tesco allows the employees to have an understanding of their expected duties and carry them without having to be over supervised. The hierarchical structure at Tesco also clearly defines authority and responsibility for every employee ensuring everyone is aware of the costs that occur when the t asks are not fulfilled within the required timeframe. Employees at Tesco are divided into various departments aimed at augmenting efficiency and better performance. The departments at Tesco include administration, finance, distribution, ICT, human resource, marketing, customer service, sales, research and development, and production. Each of the departments is responsible for different actions at Tesco to deliver growth and profitability aspirations of the organization. On products, Tesco has different product divisions determined on prices, packaging, and quality. These product divisions include Tesco Finest, Tesco, Tesco kids, Tesco Organic, Tesco Healthy living, and Tesco Value. Test Finest are products of the highest price and quality while Tesco Organic includes

Source Essay Health Crisis Obesity Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Source Health Crisis Obesity - Essay Example In the medical world, among the several indicative parameters to determine the well being of a person is through Body Mass Index that is proportionate with his weight and height. A deviation from the normal range signifies that the person is obese. At present, 44 Million adults belong to the obese category, while an additional 6 million more have BMI's, a hundred times more than an obese. Otherwise labeled by the author as "super-obese" (Schloser 240,241). According to several studies conducted by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the rate at which these numbers grow every year does not qualify age, gender, race or even educational level. Currently, it is postulated by CDC, that 37 states in America have obesity rates of over 15%. Accordingly, this is attributed to the fact that good economy renders inexpensive and hefty meals, resulting to an increase volume consumption that is coupled with a sedentary lifestyle. A major point stressed by this article is the lingering e ffect brought about by the advertising industry, resulting to this epidemic no longer responsive to healthy management by conscious choice. Statistics shows that a number of food-joint positions their product in market by offering large portion serving owing to the idea of getting your money's worth.

Corporate Governance and Ethical Responsibility Essay

Corporate Governance and Ethical Responsibility - Essay Example Internal stakeholders in a hospital include the patients, the medical staff and management of the hospital and the board of governors or trustees. External stakeholders are those parties that have minimal often indirect influence on the management of the hospital. External stakeholders may include the relatives of the patients and other potential patients to the hospital. Other external stakeholders include the federal government and other hospital of the same class and category (Lebeer, 2002). The most basic function a medical executive should perform in regard to satisfying al stakeholders is controlling, directing staffing and organizing. For the patients, however, Doctor DoRight has the role of democratizing medical services so that all the patients get equal treatment. Equal treatment encompasses equitable distribution of the hospitals resources. For instance, in the case of organ transplant, hospitals can device methods such as receiving an organ in regard to the severity of th e situation. The board of trustees expects that the medical executive prevents the occurrence of law suits, which may tarnish the name of the hospital and cost it a lot of money, that result from the action of hospital employees. Trustees also expect that the president maintains low labor turnover and an excellent cooperate image is paramount. The staff of the hospital expects respect from patients and fellow staff despite their position. Also, the staff expects fairness in remunerated, and adequate timely pay and a safe, conducive working environment (Lebeer, 2002). Potential customers need to feel welcomed to the hospital hence the need for an operational call centre and an efficient customer service. Recently hospitals have also taken on the craze of advertising their products to potential customers. Though an external stakeholder, the federal government, has a strong influence on the running of hospitals. The governments influence is greater when it comes to the legal obligation s of the hospital. For instance, the government may insist that a hospital only use FDA approved drugs. The government, in America, may also specify the types of procedures that a hospital cannot carry out for instance euthanasia is illegal in most states. Competition between rival hospitals is inevitable, with their current status as potential business entities. However, there are certain procedures that must remain intact so as to maintain peaceful coexistence. For instance, a hospital can seek transfer of a patient to another hospital even if they are competing. Doctor DoRight should ensure that there is no slandering of another hospital by his staff through words or actions (Lebeer, 2002). There are six guiding principles that doctor should adhere to in their disbursement of services. These principles include a) Honesty and truthfulness b) Respect for persons c) Justice d) Autonomy e) Beneficence and f) Non-maleficence. These principles mostly guide doctor patient relationships but can also act as a basis for the actions of medical executives. In trying to satisfy the various stakeholders, the manager of the hospital, may experience conflict of interest when the needs of the two stakeholders clash. A good example of a clash of interest is on the issue of euthanasia. The reality of the effects of diseases such as Alzheimer’s is real and devastating. Most patients and families prefer

Summary of the narrative life of frederick douglass, An american slave Essay

Summary of the narrative life of frederick douglass, An american slave - Essay Example His mother died without him knowing her well. At the age of seven, his mother's body was found dead in one of Frederick master's farm, near Lee's Mill. Having no slight intimation with his mother, he accepted her death like an ordinary death of a stranger, with no spark of pain in his heart. His first master was Captain Anthony. People by his time say that his master is his father by which he did not confirm to be a fact. Captain Anthony is a clerk and superintendent of Colonel Edward Lloyd. This man owns from three to four hundred slaves in his plantation. Every month the slaves receive their monthly allowance of food - eight pounds of pork or fish, and one bushel of corn. Aside from this, they also receive a yearly clothing of two coarse linen shirts and one pair of shoes. Just when he thought he is going to spend his entire life under the agony of slavery, suddenly hope came his way upon knowing that he was allowed by Captain Anthony to stay in Baltimore with Mr. Hugh Auld. He was between the age of seven and eight that time. By the time Frederick reached Mr. and Mrs. Auld's house, he had felt the warmest welcome he had ever experienced in his entire life. This was the first time he had ever seen the most pleasant faces of slaveholders. The city slave, unlike the slaves in the plantation, is almost a freeman. His stay to this place gave him the opportunity to learn the basics of English alphabet, through the help of Sophia Auld, his new mistress. But then, when her husband found out what she was doing, she had been forbidden to teach Frederick, for the reason that according to him, "learning would spoil the best nigger in the world." Frederick this time has to learn reading in his own perseverance, and to bring his dream into reality, he made friends with the white boys whom he encountered in the street that later on helped him succeed in learning to read. At the age of ten or eleven, he returned to his hometown, Holmes Hill Farm. This is because his master, Captain Anthony, died and all the slaves, including him have to be divided between his master's children, Mrs. Lucretia and Mr. Andrew. During this process, slaves were scrutinized before the division. No one wished to be a slave for Mr. Andrew for he is cruel and merciless like all other masters. Lucky enough, Frederick was chosen to be a slave for Mrs. Lucretia's and was sent back to Baltimore. Upon reaching the age when he could give dates, Frederick has left Baltimore to live with Master Thomas in March 1832. This time, he was sent to a guy named Mr. Covey. This guy claims to be religious, but has no heart for his slaves. He finds pleasures in whipping them all the time, and Frederick, being one of the slaves, did not escape this. He was beaten almost everyday until the time he thought it would be a benefit to take his own life. But the Ganadores 3 hope of freedom still lingers in his mind that stopped him from committing

Tourism Industry Trends Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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The most Important Legacy of Reformation for us Today Essay

The most Important Legacy of Reformation for us Today - Essay Example The protestant reformation started in Europe in the early sixteenth century1. The works of Martin Luther King’s activities that he carried out in the late fifteenth century informed the reforms. During such times, it was evident in the Roman Catholic Church that the pope had the powers to sale of penance letters to people following the fact that he was deficient of the authority to forgive sins. In those days, the priest was highly regarded more important than any other person. Therefore, anything that he did was highly regarded as of moral right and was subject to no rejection or question. In this regard, the Catholic Church considered priests more than other considered other people. Following the ever questionable issues noticed by Luther regarding the practice of the pope, Luther advocated for provision of the Bible to everyone to read for themselves. It is due to such ill beliefs and practice that forced Martin Luther to call an end to such practices. He gained many follow ers in various countries by inspiring many religious reformers to break away from the Catholic Church and develop their own ideas. ... The reformations led to various religious wars that was termed the Thirty Years War. Christians believe in the ability of God to forgive sins since he has the power to do so. However, the notion that a person can influence God to forgive another is misleading. It is the idea of forgiveness of sins as well as the massive power accorded to the pope that led to the call to reformation. Reformation is an important aspect of human life. It is of crucial importance to highlight that different reformation always follow quests of justice with regards to certain matters that affect humanity. As such, people may always engage in protests with the hope of correcting a wrong where necessary. Such issues that always bring notable protests that mark the beginnings of reformations always arise from several sources. A major factor that may push for reformation may involve political factors. This may be evident where certain issues are considered oppressive to the general wellbeing of humanity. In ad dition, several protests championing for reforms may follow differences in religious views. As such, several religious societies may collude and strongly oppose a wrongdoing that may be evident in the society. Major reformations in history came with regards to the Roman Catholic church. The church in earlier days had several provisions and guidelines hat majority of followers considered oppressive. Such did not marry well with their beliefs and the faith they had in Christianity. Majority of such issues were being steered forth by the people of high ranks in the church. Such issues were considered oppressive to the faith and beliefs that were maintained by the faithful. This brought forth major reforms in

Summary of the narrative life of frederick douglass, An american slave Essay

Summary of the narrative life of frederick douglass, An american slave - Essay Example His mother died without him knowing her well. At the age of seven, his mother's body was found dead in one of Frederick master's farm, near Lee's Mill. Having no slight intimation with his mother, he accepted her death like an ordinary death of a stranger, with no spark of pain in his heart. His first master was Captain Anthony. People by his time say that his master is his father by which he did not confirm to be a fact. Captain Anthony is a clerk and superintendent of Colonel Edward Lloyd. This man owns from three to four hundred slaves in his plantation. Every month the slaves receive their monthly allowance of food - eight pounds of pork or fish, and one bushel of corn. Aside from this, they also receive a yearly clothing of two coarse linen shirts and one pair of shoes. Just when he thought he is going to spend his entire life under the agony of slavery, suddenly hope came his way upon knowing that he was allowed by Captain Anthony to stay in Baltimore with Mr. Hugh Auld. He was between the age of seven and eight that time. By the time Frederick reached Mr. and Mrs. Auld's house, he had felt the warmest welcome he had ever experienced in his entire life. This was the first time he had ever seen the most pleasant faces of slaveholders. The city slave, unlike the slaves in the plantation, is almost a freeman. His stay to this place gave him the opportunity to learn the basics of English alphabet, through the help of Sophia Auld, his new mistress. But then, when her husband found out what she was doing, she had been forbidden to teach Frederick, for the reason that according to him, "learning would spoil the best nigger in the world." Frederick this time has to learn reading in his own perseverance, and to bring his dream into reality, he made friends with the white boys whom he encountered in the street that later on helped him succeed in learning to read. At the age of ten or eleven, he returned to his hometown, Holmes Hill Farm. This is because his master, Captain Anthony, died and all the slaves, including him have to be divided between his master's children, Mrs. Lucretia and Mr. Andrew. During this process, slaves were scrutinized before the division. No one wished to be a slave for Mr. Andrew for he is cruel and merciless like all other masters. Lucky enough, Frederick was chosen to be a slave for Mrs. Lucretia's and was sent back to Baltimore. Upon reaching the age when he could give dates, Frederick has left Baltimore to live with Master Thomas in March 1832. This time, he was sent to a guy named Mr. Covey. This guy claims to be religious, but has no heart for his slaves. He finds pleasures in whipping them all the time, and Frederick, being one of the slaves, did not escape this. He was beaten almost everyday until the time he thought it would be a benefit to take his own life. But the Ganadores 3 hope of freedom still lingers in his mind that stopped him from committing

The most Important Legacy of Reformation for us Today Essay

The most Important Legacy of Reformation for us Today - Essay Example The protestant reformation started in Europe in the early sixteenth century1. The works of Martin Luther King’s activities that he carried out in the late fifteenth century informed the reforms. During such times, it was evident in the Roman Catholic Church that the pope had the powers to sale of penance letters to people following the fact that he was deficient of the authority to forgive sins. In those days, the priest was highly regarded more important than any other person. Therefore, anything that he did was highly regarded as of moral right and was subject to no rejection or question. In this regard, the Catholic Church considered priests more than other considered other people. Following the ever questionable issues noticed by Luther regarding the practice of the pope, Luther advocated for provision of the Bible to everyone to read for themselves. It is due to such ill beliefs and practice that forced Martin Luther to call an end to such practices. He gained many follow ers in various countries by inspiring many religious reformers to break away from the Catholic Church and develop their own ideas. ... The reformations led to various religious wars that was termed the Thirty Years War. Christians believe in the ability of God to forgive sins since he has the power to do so. However, the notion that a person can influence God to forgive another is misleading. It is the idea of forgiveness of sins as well as the massive power accorded to the pope that led to the call to reformation. Reformation is an important aspect of human life. It is of crucial importance to highlight that different reformation always follow quests of justice with regards to certain matters that affect humanity. As such, people may always engage in protests with the hope of correcting a wrong where necessary. Such issues that always bring notable protests that mark the beginnings of reformations always arise from several sources. A major factor that may push for reformation may involve political factors. This may be evident where certain issues are considered oppressive to the general wellbeing of humanity. In ad dition, several protests championing for reforms may follow differences in religious views. As such, several religious societies may collude and strongly oppose a wrongdoing that may be evident in the society. Major reformations in history came with regards to the Roman Catholic church. The church in earlier days had several provisions and guidelines hat majority of followers considered oppressive. Such did not marry well with their beliefs and the faith they had in Christianity. Majority of such issues were being steered forth by the people of high ranks in the church. Such issues were considered oppressive to the faith and beliefs that were maintained by the faithful. This brought forth major reforms in

The Road Taken Essay Example for Free

The Road Taken Essay Literature is the expression of thoughts, ideas, or feelings someone may have and can either be written or spoken. Often times we become part of the literature in a way to try to understand what the message is that the author is trying to provide to us. The literary work that I have chosen was a poem written by Robert Frost in 1916 titled, The Road Not Taken. There were a few reasons why this piece of literary work captured by interest and the first was that in High School we spent a week provided our analysis on this piece. It caught my interest based on the genre. Poetry is a type of literature that is open to interpretation and there is truly no right and wrong answer so it gives me the opportunity to analyze it without there truly being a right or wrong answer, I would have to back up my opinion with facts. What also caught my attention was the use of tone, symbolism, and imagination. My feelings on the tone over time have changed and I feel that the tone is more depressive. I can apply what I feel the meaning of the poem which to me means the journey we take in life and the choices we make and how we look back at them. Secondly the use of symbolism can be seen throughout the entire poem and can be applied to everyones life. Imagination can be tied with the symbolism, Robert Frost use of imagination gives the poem meaning and allows us to engage in identify with his meaning is and is trying to portray to us. One of the analytical approaches in Journey into Literature written by Clungston (2010), is a reader-response approach. It is a way to find a personal link with the poem but there is more to this approach, there are a few questions that we need to ask in order to develop a critical analysis of the work. What captured your imagination? Was it a feeling, an emotion, a  curiosity, or an aspiration? Did it involve a desire to escape a past or present association? What motivation or change did my connection with this piece of literature create in my thinking? In my relationships? What connections can I make between this piece of literature and others that I’ve read? Did my â€Å"connection† reinforce things I knew or add new insights? These are the questions that need to be answered prior to proceeding with a critical analysis essay of a particular piece of literature. The poem The Road Not Taken, written by Robert Frost is a poem which consist of four stanzas that each contain fives lines. What first drew me in was the symbolism and imagination which caused me to develop a personal and emotional connection to the poem. I developed a personal connection with the poem from the first stanza. Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler (Frost, 1916). His use of symbolism can be seen in this verse meaning the decisions people make in life or the unique path we all travel in life. He then proceeds to tell us how he is thinking about his decisions prior to making it and trying to weigh the options and try to determine the outcomes. long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth (Frost, 1916). In the poem Frost describes how he looks down both paths and how one looked better than the other but both are about the same. What I believe Frost is saying that both choices look good and that one may be better than the other but both have been followed. I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I— I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference (Frost, 1916). In this his last stanza he tells us that in the future he knows that we would look back and with a sigh that he took the road less traveled meaning that he made a choice that many do not make but this made all the difference. Now when I read the line I took the one less traveled by, (Frost, 1916) and I look at the title I begin to wonder why the title is not The Road Less Traveled. The poem does leave a lingering sense of melancholy mystery in my mind and I think both the sigh and title express this. I believe that Frost regrets the decision he has made this is why he would refer back to the road he did take. Also with the title The Road Not Taken, Robert Frost se ems fixated on what is down that path that he did not  take. Robert Frost has left this poem open to many different interpretations. I believe that everyone can find their own meaning to this poem based on their life experiences. Based on his use of metaphors, symbols, and imagination, he leaves the meaning open to the reader. References Clugston, R. W. (2010). Journey into literature. San Diego, California: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Frost, R. (1993). The road not taken, and other poems. New York: Dover Publications.

Arts Important To The Education Education Essay

Arts Important To The Education Education Essay The role of the visual arts in early childhood education has long been recognised and valued as an essential component of the curriculum. Eckhoff, Angela, 2011 The arts consist of variation of appreciation. The different forms of art such as dancing, drawing and painting, performance art, sculpturing and many more. The school curriculum has to embrace arts education. Art appreciation can be inculcate to children at young age. Knowing and understanding of the arts help children to express themselves in different creative art forms in which they are comfortable in. Art nurtures the child to be inventiveness as it engages the child in a process that helps in the development of self-esteem, self-discipline, cooperation, self-motivation and problem-solving. Childrens self-esteem will improve as there is no right or wrong in self-creative creation. In this way, children are able to complete task with self-discipline. They practise how to complete a piece of work with patience. As the task assigned in an art lesson is usually engaging, whether it is to complete a drawing or learn a dance, the children would unknowingly establish a positive attitude towards completion of the task. The young learners also get the opportunity to practise social skills through co-operative learning. For instance, the children could partner one another and dance to the music. They could even perform a simple skit together during a speech and drama lesson. As the child discovers the love in arts, they would also become self-motivated and freely express themselves in the d ifferent forms of arts. In co-operative learning, it is inevitable that each child will have different opinions and thoughts. In order to complete the task allocated, they would have to learn how to respect one anothers view. This is part of the process of problem-solving while accomplishing a group assignment together. Each child will have to communicate in a variety ways to express their thoughts and produce the art piece they want it to be or the way they want to express themselves in a play. The young learners will pick up useful life skills to solve problems independently. The belief that art education should encourage the childs creativity, imagination, and expression did not mean that all previous pedagogies were replaced. (Jolley, 2010) Imagination helps children with expression in dancing and also helped in language acquisition to find the correct vocabulary to describe their expression. A childs creativity should not be obstructed or corrected by the adults or educators. 2 forms of art In terms of aesthetic and creative education, dance has much to share with drama, music and the visual arts. (Davies, 2003) A dance is an activity that needs time to practise and gain experience. A dance performance involves choreographing of movements with a music or composing of a musical piece for a dance. Performing can be taken to mean to do, to show, to dance, creating as making, trying out, or composing, while appreciation is the outcome of watching, viewing, talking about and drawing about dance. (Davis, 2003) The activity could be an expressive dance in a drama played by the students. This class activity could elicit responses from children by initiating a discussion how the characters should dance, the kind of facial expressions, choosing the right piece of music to express the mood of the scene and the movements to go along with the music. Children would have trials and errors along the way in the making and appreciating in every part of the dance drama they have created. In terms of dancing consist of being a creator or maker, a viewer or spectator or as a doer or performer. (Davies, 2003) Hence, it is a great platform for children to practise problem-solving skills. The children would be fascinated when they are given a role to play. They would take pride in their roles and responsibilities so it would cultivate self-motivation. Self-esteem could be developed in the process of demonstrating the required skills. There are many opportunities for praises and constructive feedback to individuals to support them in self-discovery. Certain movement ideas frequently used by in informal situations seem to belong together and can be utilised in dance. (Davis 2003) Educators on their part, they can facilitate the students by guiding exploring different ideas of movement such as running and leaping, turning and twisting, moving and stopping suddenly. Children will be able to choose the right movement they would want to include into their dance. Educators may also guide children choosing the instrument they would like to use for the movement using different sounds. For example, the sound of the fast ringing bells can be the movement of running. Dancing is tapping on kinaesthetic intelligence where the child could learn through body movements. Through practice and hard work, the children could perform certain body movements confidently. They would improve in self-esteem as they successfully perform the desired body movements. Another form of art is drawing. Drawing from observation still represents a key component of statutory art education for children aged 5 to 14 years of age. (Jolley 2010 ) Drawing involves imagination and creativity and expression. Drawing helps children to express their thoughts with different kinds of lines and shapes. It encourages the young minds to be independent problem solvers as they have to decide on the kind of drawings they want to produce. Observation also plays an important part in drawing. For example, children may observe a stalk of flower or the movements of the grass when the wind blows and draw the expression of what they have observed using different lines. For example, curvy lines, straight lines and zig-zag lines. Once children are allowed to make representational drawings, rather than mere line and shape, they are often directed towards forms of subject matter such as cubes, cones, prisms, and so on, whether copies from pictures of three-dimensional models. (Jolley,2010) Children may also move to a higher level to explore drawing representational drawings with their imagination. Drawings are one of the best ways to document the imaginations of the learners. It allows the opportunity for educators to encourage the children through guidance and improve self-motivation and self-esteem. Educators may guide children by introducing the drawing of different lines such as horizontal line, vertical line, wavy line and spiral line. Students will then apply what they have learnt in their drawings. Students will also need to be given opportunities to observe the environment around them , space for creativity and imagination. Children are then taught to draw more controlled lines. (Jolley, 2010) In this case, children are expect to have the discipline to practise the skills of drawing straight lines. 5. arts education in the curriculum planning. According to the Ministry Of Education, Singapore, Kindergarten Curriculum Guide (KCG), aesthetics and creative expression is being part of integrated learning in the holistic development of the child. In the school planning, it has to include the childrens experiences in visual arts, music and movement allow children to be expressive, creative and imaginative. (Kindergarten Curriculum Guide, 2008) Therefore, it is essential to plan the schools curriculum according to the framework and arts will not be left out. In the schools curriculum, children are also taught to learn appreciation of visual arts and musical instruments. Children will be given chance to discuss about their own art works such as describing the lines , colours and shapes used. (Kindergarten Curriculum Guide) Children will also be given opportunity to appreciate, learn and explore the different sounds made by the instruments. It is the ministry effort to promote holistic education and the emphasis of the importance of arts education in pre-school curriculum. Teachers are the drivers for success implementation of a well-developed school-based curriculum. It is only beneficial if schools encourage teachers to attain subject mastery through professional development. Conclusion In a nutshell, we must value the importance of arts education as it develops the young learners in a fun and engaging manner. It helps to look into the childs development in the different areas such as self-esteem, self-discipline, cooperation, self-motivation and problem-solving.

Lizards :: essays research papers

Lizards Lizards belong to the class Reptilian, Scientists have said that Reptiles have been on earth for about 200 million years. Lizards make up the largest group of reptiles with more than 4,300 species around the world varying in different shapes and sizes. Lizards look very similar to salamanders but they differ from each other in many ways such as their dry scaly skin and have clawed feet and external ear opening. The majority of lizard are quite small have 4 legs and have a fragile tail that can regenerate when part of it is taken off. Lizards are cold-blooded or ectoderms, which means that they depend on sources outside their bodies like the sun, to raise and maintain there body temperatures. Eating habits vary for lizards and depend upon the species. Some lizards feed only on insects such as the Iguana. On the other hand some eat rodents that roam deserts and eat eggs and small rodents and some feed on both rodents and insects. For protection many lizards use their teeth to scare pre dators off. Lizards are found in tropical and subtropical regions within the world. Few species of lizards are found in temperate regions and none are located in arctic areas. Some lizards are terrestrial, arboreal, or semi-aquatic. Very few lizards are poisonous and use their venom as a defense. Several other species of lizards don’t have a good defensive strategy and rely on camouflage such as the chameleon that is able to change its color according to its surroundings. Females of most lizard species lay eggs then are usually left to hatch on their own. How ever an insignificant amount give birth to living young such as the slowworm. Some female reptiles, mostly green iguanas, do not need a male of their species to begin their reproductive cycle while others do need the presence of one or more males, and need to stimulate the hormone and other changes that lead to egg maturation and laying. To confuse matters more, some female reptiles, especially chelonians, can retain sperm for many years before finally laying a fertilized egg. Most lizards are harmless and benefit humans by keeping the insect populations stable and halt over population. Some species are a source of food; some are killed for their ski ns, but is not illegal in many countries. A vast number of lizards are threatened by violations on their habitat.

Huckleberry Finn ( Huck Finn ) :: Essays Papers

Huck Finn IT would be most an hour yet till breakfast, so we left and struck down into the woods; because Tom said we got to have some light to see how to dig by, and a lantern makes too much, and might get us into trouble; what we must have was a lot of them rotten chunks that's called fox-fire, and just makes a soft kind of a glow when you lay them in a dark place. We fetched an armful and hid it in the weeds, and set down to rest, and Tom says, kind of dissatisfied: "Blame it, this whole thing is just as easy and awkward as it can be. And so it makes it so rotten difficult to get up a difficult plan. There ain't no watchman to be drugged -- now there ought to be a watchman. There ain't even a dog to give a sleeping-mixture to. And there's Jim chained by one leg, with a ten-foot chain, to the leg of his bed: why, all you got to do is to lift up the bedstead and slip off the chain. And Uncle Silas he trusts everybody; sends the key to the punkin-headed nigger, and don't send nobody to watch the nigger. Jim could a got out of that window-hole before this, only there wouldn't be no use trying to travel with a ten-foot chain on his leg. Why, drat it, Huck, it's the stupidest arrangement I ever see. You got to invent all the difficulties. Well, we can't help it; we got to do the best we can with the materials we've got. Anyhow, there's one thing -- there's more honor in getting him out through a lot of difficulties and dangers, where there warn't one of them furnished to you by the people who it was their duty to furnish them, and you had to contrive them all out of your own head. Now look at just that one thing of the lantern. When you come down to the cold facts, we simply got to let on that a lantern's resky. Why, we could work with a torchlight procession if we wanted to, I believe. Now, whilst I think of it, we got to hunt up something to make a saw out of the first chance we get." "What do we want of a saw? Huckleberry Finn ( Huck Finn ) :: Essays Papers Huck Finn IT would be most an hour yet till breakfast, so we left and struck down into the woods; because Tom said we got to have some light to see how to dig by, and a lantern makes too much, and might get us into trouble; what we must have was a lot of them rotten chunks that's called fox-fire, and just makes a soft kind of a glow when you lay them in a dark place. We fetched an armful and hid it in the weeds, and set down to rest, and Tom says, kind of dissatisfied: "Blame it, this whole thing is just as easy and awkward as it can be. And so it makes it so rotten difficult to get up a difficult plan. There ain't no watchman to be drugged -- now there ought to be a watchman. There ain't even a dog to give a sleeping-mixture to. And there's Jim chained by one leg, with a ten-foot chain, to the leg of his bed: why, all you got to do is to lift up the bedstead and slip off the chain. And Uncle Silas he trusts everybody; sends the key to the punkin-headed nigger, and don't send nobody to watch the nigger. Jim could a got out of that window-hole before this, only there wouldn't be no use trying to travel with a ten-foot chain on his leg. Why, drat it, Huck, it's the stupidest arrangement I ever see. You got to invent all the difficulties. Well, we can't help it; we got to do the best we can with the materials we've got. Anyhow, there's one thing -- there's more honor in getting him out through a lot of difficulties and dangers, where there warn't one of them furnished to you by the people who it was their duty to furnish them, and you had to contrive them all out of your own head. Now look at just that one thing of the lantern. When you come down to the cold facts, we simply got to let on that a lantern's resky. Why, we could work with a torchlight procession if we wanted to, I believe. Now, whilst I think of it, we got to hunt up something to make a saw out of the first chance we get." "What do we want of a saw?

Resolving Ethical Business Challenges Essay

1. Identify the ethical and legal issues of which Albert needs to be aware. a. Barry putting Albert or Mary’s trade before the client order, this is called spinning and is considered unethical. And you have Barry demanding insider information on several companies b. Hostile Takeover, the union would do everything in its power to oust the old management, and welcome the new management. c. Albert’s uncle giving him inside information on a number of companies about to file bankruptcy. d. Buy stock for boss and boss’s friends, and they’ll give him a bonus. 2. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each decision that Albert could make and has made. a. If Albert gives Barry the information, he will get to keep his connections and will not get exposed for spinning. – The disadvantage if Albert doesn’t give Barry the information, he will lose connections, get exposed, and Albert would be known as an unethical/immoral person. b. Hostile takeover kept drawing bigger clientele, and a big payoff. – Disadvantage it was unethical to for him to make the deal with the union, and he would lose lots of money and upset his father-in-law. c. Albert made money from his uncle’s information. –Disadvantage Albert would lose money. d. If Albert buys the boss and the boss’s friends their stock, the advantage for Albert is the bonus he’ll receive. Disadvantages; unethical incentives and the investment risk. 3. Identify the pressures that have brought about these issues. a. Albert’s wife losing her job b. Albert’s parents are unhappy with him for marrying a non-Chinese woman, his parents want them to move to Taiwan, but Mary did not like the idea of leaving the United States and raising children in an unfamiliar culture. c. Mary and Albert made some unethical career appearance decisions with the car, clothing, and clubs. d. Mary’s father wanting to change the management in the health care company in an unethical manner.

Conflict Essay

The bringing of people together in social interaction necessarily involves a set of interpersonal dynamics which sooner or later will lead to conflict. Conflict between people or groups often arises from competition for resources, power, and status. Family members compete for attention. Individuals compete for jobs and wealth. Nations compete for territory and prestige. Different interest groups compete for influence and the power to make rules. Often the competition is not for resources but for ideas, one person or group wants to have the ideas or behaviour of another group suppressed, punished, or declared illegal. When you consider what a diverse society we live in, with so many different backgrounds, perspectives and approaches to life, it is not surprising that conflict is established as part and parcel of our everyday life. This is because people will have competing interests and competing perspectives in relation to the same issues, and so we should not be surprised when tensions exist between individuals and groups. Conflict is concerned with difference. If we were all the same, then there would be little or no conflict. However, thankfully we are not all the same, and so part of the price that we pay for the richness of diversity is that conflicts will arise at certain times. Conflicts are inevitable in one’s organizational life and personal life. Conflict tends to have negative consequences for both the individual and the organization. Performance is adversely affected. Decisions made may not be appropriate. Occasionally, they might even be unrealistic or irrational. Thus, conflicts tend to impair one’s efficiency. Sometimes, conflict is also observed to give rise to certain maladjusted behaviours in individuals trying to cope with it. These include alcoholism, drug abuse, excessive smoking, under eating or overeating and extremely aggressive or submissive behaviour. Conflict has also certain physiological consequences in that, certain changes take place within the physiological system which are often ignored or unnoticed. Hence, it may be understood that conflict not only affects an individual’s performance, but also gives rise to psychosomatic disturbances, which undermine the health of the individual. It can also be argued that conflicts are not necessarily bad. The progress we have made so far in our civilization is due to the conflict between nature & man. Conflict releases energy at every level of human activity, energy that can produce positive, constructive results. Conflicts tend to have a motivational value; they drive or energize an individual to tackle a situation. To resolve a conflict one might explore different avenues or alternatives of action, which make him/her more knowledgeable. Conflicts also provide opportunities to test one’s own abilities. Conflict can occur at personal level, interpersonal level, group level. It can be latent or covert. Causes of Conflict 1. Conflicts arise when people are competing for the same resources, when they are not fairly distributed or when there are not enough to go round. 2. Conflicts arise when the people are unhappy with how they are governed. 3. Conflicts arise when people’s beliefs clash. Religious and political views are particularly sensitive, because people often depend on these for a sense of identity and belonging. Sometimes the conflict is caused by a religious/political group being attacked; sometimes it is because the group is eager to spread a particular belief and even enforce it on others. Some leaders may aggravate religious and political differences as part of their tactics for keeping or gaining power. 4. In the same way ethnic differences can cause conflict, or be made to cause it. Again, people’s ethnicity gives them a sense of identity and belonging, and it is threats to this sense which can cause violent responses, just as individuals may lash out with angry words or gestures when they feel threatened. Causes of conflict in the work place The cause of workplace conflict is often misunderstood and blamed on personalities and misbehaviour, but in reality much workplace conflict is systemic and endemic to the workplace environment. Ineffective organisational systems, unpredictable policies, incompatible goals, scarce resources, and poor communication can all contribute to conflict in the workplace. Workplace conflict causes loss of productivity, distractions, and employee dissatisfaction. However, management can produce positive results by paying attention to and addressing the true causes of conflict in their organisations. Managing conflict Managing a conflict contains specialized interaction that prevents a dispute from becoming a destructive battle. Managing a conflict attends to the personal issues so as to allow for a constructive relationship, even though the objective issues may not be resolvable. For example, the former Soviet Union and the United States managed their conflict during the Cold War by using a variety of mechanisms. The objective issues in the dispute were not resolved, and neither were the personal issues, which contained significant perceptual differences. However, both sides attended significantly to the relationship to keep the disagreement from turning into a destructive battle. Ways people deal with conflict There is no one best way to deal with conflict. It depends on the current situation. Here are the major ways that people use to deal with conflict. 1. Avoidance. Pretend it is not there or ignore it. Usually this approach tends to worsen the conflict over time. 2. Accommodation. Give in to others, sometimes to the extent that you compromise yourself. Usually this approach tends to worsen the conflict over time, and causes conflicts within yourself. 3.  Competition. Work to get your way, rather than clarifying and addressing the issue. 4. Compromising. Mutual give-and-take. 5. Collaboration. Focus on working together. This approach sometimes raises new mutual needs. Effects of conflict Conflicts have positive and negative effects. They can lead to change if they are well managed, they can be used as a learning experience and they can be used to open up opportunities. However, prolonged conflicts can erupt into violence and disrupt the activities of the organisation, they may also damage relationships permanently and they can also lead to the death of an organisation. Change Most of us live and think as if the world were static, or as if it should be. As individuals, as professionals, and as members or leaders of organizations, too often the way we act, plan, and react betrays the assumption that tomorrow will be much like today, that we’ll slide by all right if we just get a little better, a little smarter, at doing what we are already doing. Some people, and some organizations, fall apart in the face of change. They seem well organized until something changes in their environment. According to Robbins (1999), change is concerned with making things different. Things must be different because they change constantly. When an organizational system is disturbed by some internal or external force, change frequently occurs. Change as a process, is simply modification of the structure or process of a system. It may be good or bad, the concept is descriptive only. † It may be constructive, destructive, comfortable or uncomfortable. People and organizations seem to have a pattern over their lifetimes. People and organizations that thrive on change share some fundamental attributes. Change is fractal: its basic nature looks the same at different scales. So the attributes that make an organization powerfully adaptive also make a relationship flexible and fruitful, a community liveable, and an individual creative, adaptive, and secure in the midst of turbulence. It is not possible to change an organization without changing oneself. Changing oneself will change an organization. The two are inextricably linked. If people seriously intend to help their organization go through the massive changes, they must set out on a path of changing their own lives, of learning the skills of change and applying them first to themselves. Any change is, in part, physical. It can be understood in one’s head, but until it lives in their body, it won’t change their behaviour. If a person wishes to be different, that person must learn to move differently, to make different physical decisions. â€Å"Stick to your knitting,† turns out to be a useful thought for dealing with change. However, at the core of every truth is a fallacy, a route to a deeper truth. The fallacy at the core of â€Å"stick to your knitting† is the invitation not to change, to stay satisfied with the way we are. Many of us have a grudging acceptance of the need to change. The reality is that every change is a new skill, one that takes time and attention to learn. If I wait to change until I am forced to it, I will be too late. To wait until change is forced on me is to stay perpetually behind on the learning curve. Whenever a person is trying to change something in his life, they should always remember that change without getting rid of the beliefs that cause the current behaviour or feelings is almost impossible. Furthermore, change probably is difficult when one is onvinced that they either saw or felt the belief causing their current behaviour or feeling on numerous occasions earlier in life. When they realize they never saw their belief and they caused the feeling, not reality, their belief will just dissolve. Today change is the essential of survival and a way of carrying out business. Every business firm whether big or small has to change with time or it will perish. This change along with it brings insecurities and pain that forces human beings or individuals to come out of their comfort zones to zone of uncomfortable debate and this leads to resistance to change.